THE RAPIER AND DAGGER
Having as briefly as I might possibly finished all that which
might be said, of true knowledge of single Rapier: it seems
convenient, that coming from the simple to the compound, I
handle these weapons first, which from the Rapier forwards
are either most simple or least compound: And especially
those which now adays are most used, and in the which men
are most exercised, the which weapons are the Rapier and
Dagger accompanied together, and are a great increase and
furtherance both in striking and defending.
Wherefore, it is to be first considered, that which these and
the like weapons, a man may practice that most desired and
renowned manner of skirmishing, which is said to strike and
defend both in one time, which is thought to be impossible
to be done with the single Rapier, and yet in truth is not so:
For there are some kind of blows in the defense of which
one may also strike (as in the blows of the edge, down right
and reversed) both high and low, and other high blows
which here are not spoken of.
Wherefore seeing with these weapons a man may very
commodiously, both strike and defend, for that the one is a
great help to the other, it is to be remembered, that because
these weapons are two, and the one of lesser quantity than
the other, to each one be allotted that part both of defending
and striking, which it is best able to support. So that to the
Dagger, by reason of his shortness, is assigned the left side
to defend down to the knee: and to the sword all the right
side, and the right and left side jointly downwards from the
knee. Neither may it seem strange that the only Dagger
ought to defend all blows of the left side : for it does most
easily sustain every edgeblow, when it encounters the sword
in the first and second part thereof.
But yet let no man assure himself, to bear any blow, with his
only Dagger when he meets with the sword on the third and
fourth part thereof, because that part carries more force
with it then may be sustained with the only Dagger. And yet
for all that, no man ought to accustom himself to defend
blows with the Rapier and Dagger both together, which
manner of defending is now commonly used because men
believe, that they stand more assuredly by that means,
although in truth it is not so. For the Rapier and Dagger are
so bound thereby, that they may not strike before they be
recovered, and therein spend two times, under the which a
man may be struck when he strikes continuing by the
straight line, increasing forwards, perceiving his enemy to be
occupied and troubled in defending of himself. And albeit
this is not seen to come to passe many times, yet that is
because the advantage is not known, or being known, men
either ready to execute it, either stand greatly in fear to do
it.
Therefore leaving aside this manner of defense, let each man
use to oppose, one only weapon against the enemy's sword,
keeping the other free, that he may be able to strike at his
pleasure.
And it is diligently to be noted, that not only the blows of
the sword, but also of any other weapon be it never so
great, may with the only Dagger be sustained and defended,
when a man does boldly encounter it towards the hand.
It is therefore to be known, that in the handling of these two
weapons one may with less danger give a blow with the
edge then at single Rapier: For albeit the point of the
Rapier be moved out of the straight line: yet for all that
there is not free power given to the enemy's to strike,
considering there is an other weapon contrariwise prepared
to defend: but this does not so fall out at the single Rapier,
which bearing itself far off when it strikes with the edge,
does present and give the means to the enemy to hit home
first. And yet for all that, I would not counsel no man, either
in this or in any other sort of weapon to accustom himself to
give blows with the edge: for that he may under them be
most easily struck with a thrust.
OF THE WARDS
In the handling of these weapons, men use to frame many
wards, all which, because many of them carry no reason, for
that they are ether out of the straight line, either under them
a man may be easily be struck, I will cast aside as
impertinent to my purpose, and retain myself unto those
three with the which a man may safely strike and defend,
whereunto all the rest may be reduced.
HOW TO DEFEND WITH THE DAGGER
said elsewhere that the left side of the person is that part
which the dagger ought to defend, that is to say, from the
knee upwards: the lower parts together with the right side
ought wholly to be warded with the sword.
Considering the dagger, that which is to be done therewith,
it is to be noted, that for great advantage, it would be held
before with the arm stretched forth and the point respecting
the enemy, which although it be far from him, yet in that it
has a point, it gives him occasion to bethink himself.
Now whether a man ought to hold his Dagger with the edge
or flat towards the enemy, it may be left to judgment of him
that handles it, so to use it, as shalbe most for his advantage.
I have seen some, who bear it with the edge towards the
enemy, alleging this to be their advantage, that as they
encounter the enemy's sword (which comes with the edge or
point) in the first or second part thereof, and therewithall do
increase a pace forwards, of force the hand turns and places
the edge of the Dagger there where the flat was first: So
that they are to drive the enemy's sword far from them
without any great trouble, because each little motion in the
first part of the sword causes very great variety in the point,
from which principally proceeds the hurt. In which case, it
shalbe very profitable to have a good large Dagger.
There be other some, whom it pleases to carry their Dagger
with the flat towards the enemy, using for their defense, not
only the Dagger, but also the guards thereof with the which
(they say) they take holdfast of the enemy's sword : and to
the end they may do it the more easily, they have daggers of
purpose, which beside their ordinary hilts, have also two
long sterts of Iron, four fingers length, and are distant from
the dagger the thickness of a bowstring, into which distance,
when it chances
the enemy's sword to be driven, they suddenly strain and
holdfast the sword, the which may come to pass, but I hold
it for a thing rather to be imagined then practiced, the case
so standing, that in the heat of fight, where disdain bickers
with fear, little does a man discern whether the sword be in
that straight or no. And when he is to premeditate and
mark, endeavoring and striving in his lively judgment, he
must advise himself to perform it with exquisite knowledge
and perfect discerning of the enemy's motions, his nearness
and farness, and to resolve himself to strike by the shortest
way that may be : for there hence springs the victory.
Let every man therefore hold his dagger with the edge or
flat towards the enemy, as it shall most advantage him, or as
he has been most accustomed. True it is, that by holding the
edge towards the enemy there is this advantage to be
gotten, that with the dagger he may strike with the edge,
which he may not do the other way. But let every man hold
it as he will, yet he ought to carry his arm stretched out
before him, with the point in the manner aforesaid, to the
end he may find the enemy's sword a great deal before it hits
his person.
Besides this, he ought to observe for an infallible rule, that
when the point or edge comes on the left side, he must beat
it from that side with the dagger. And in like sort defending
himself with the sword, to drive it from the right side, for
doing otherwise : that is, if he force the blows given on the
left side outwards on the right side (forasmuch as the
enemy's sword has by that means two motions, the one
crossing, which is already given, the other straight which the
enemy gives it, continuing the one with the other) it may be,
that in the straight motion, it may hit the person, before that
(by the thwart or crossing motion) it be driven quite
outwards. Therefore all blows shalbe beaten outwards
toward that side or part of the body which is least to the end
it may sooner avoid danger. And those blows that come on
the right side must be beaten towards the right side : and
those on the left side must in like manner be voided from the
same side.
Now, as concerning the fashion of the Dagger, thus much is
to be said : that it would be strong, able to bear and
encounter the blows of the sword : (indifferently long) that
it may be quickly drawn out of the sheath somewhat short :
and those that are of the middle size would be chosen. (Figure 10)
THE OFFENSE OF THE HIGH WARD
AT RAPIER AND DAGGER
As in handling the single Rapier, so likewise in this, it shall
not be amiss to begin with the High ward, which in
managing these two weapons may be framed after two
sorts. The one with the right foot before, which I call the
first : and the other with the same foot behind, which I will
term the second. This second requires a greater time,
because the point of the sword is farther off from the
enemy. The first (being more near) with the only increase of
the foot forwards, strikes more readily, yet not with more
forcible than the second, which, when it strikes with an
increase of a straight pace, joins to the force of the arm and
hand, the strength of the whole body.
Beginning then with the first, as with that which each man
does most easily find: I say, he ought if he will keep himself
within the bounds of true Art, to thrust only with the
increase of the foot forwards, settling himself in the low
warde.
In the second way, which is framed with the right foot
behind, the sword aloft, and the dagger before, and borne as
aforesaid, he ought in like sort discharge a thrust as forcible
as he may, with the increase of a straight pace, staying
himself in the low ward. Neither ought any man in the
handling of these weapons to assure himself to deliver
edgeblows, because he knows that there is an other weapon
which defends : For he that defends has the self same
advantage, to wit, to be able to with one weapon (and
happily the weaker) to defend himself and strike with the
stronger. The which stroke is painfully warded by him, who
has already bestowed all his force and power, in delivering
the said edgeblow, by means whereof, because there
remains in him small power to withstand any great
encounter, let him provide to thrust only.
Of all, or of greater part of the edgeblows, aswell of striking
as defending, I will reason at large in the Treatise of Deceit.
THE DEFENSE OF THE HIGH WARD
AT RAPIER AND DAGGER
To speak of the manner how to withstand the blows of the
edge, having already said that all such blows may easily be
warded by giving a thrust, I omit as superfluous. But for the
defenses of both sides of the body: I say, it is great vantage,
to stand at the low ward, with the right foot forwards which
manner of standing, the right side is put forth toward the
enemy, whereunto he will direct all his thrusts: and those
may be encountered after three sorts, that is to say: with the
Dagger only: with the Sword only: and with both joined
together. But in each of them, a man must remember to
increase a whereby that part of the body which is to be
struck is voided out of the straight line.
When one wards with his Dagger only, he shall increase a
pace, and bear his arm forwards, and having found the
enemy's sword, he shall (with the increase of a straight
pace) strike him with a thrust underneath, already prepared.
When he wards with his sword only, it is requisite, that
making a slope pace, he lift up his sword, and bear it
outwards, or else, as soon as he has found the enemy's
sword, that with his dagger he strike at the temples of his
enemy's head, staying his sword with his own : or else
instead of striking with the Dagger, therewith to stay the
enemy's sword, and with it, (increasing another straight
pace) to deliver a thrust : but it is very commodious to
strike with the Dagger.
The third way : As soon as he has made the slope pace, and
found the enemy's sword, he ought to stay it with his
Dagger, and therewithall, withdrawing his own sword, to
discharge a thrust underneath with the increase of a straight
pace.
THE HURT OF THE BROAD WARD
AT RAPIER AND DAGGER
In each weapon and ward, I have laid down as a general
precept, that no man ought, (either for the procuring of any
advantage, either for striking the enemy more readily)
deliver blows of the edge. And in like sort, I have said, that
easily and with small danger, one may be struck under any
such blow : which precepts, as in each time and place, they
ought to be observed: so in this ward principally they may
not be forgotten. For a man may not without great
discommodity and loss of time, strike with any edgeblow, as
he stands in this ward.
It rests therefore, that the thrust be only used, which ought
to be delivered with the increase of the foot forwards,
always regarding before it be given (if it be possible) to beat
away the point of the enemy's sword with the Dagger.
THE DEFENSE OF THE BROAD WARD
AT RAPIER AND DAGGER
This thrust as well as the other may be warded after three
sorts, to wit: with the Dagger only, with the sword only,
and with both joined together. But for a mans defense in any
of these ways, it is good to stand at the low ward. And
when he wards with the dagger only, he must make a slope
pace, and finding the enemy's sword, with his said dagger,
discharge a thrust underneath with the increase of a straight
pace.
And when he wards with the sword only (which is the best
of any other, both to strike the enemy, and to defend
himself) he must oppose the edge of his sword against the
enemy's, and drive a thrust at his face, fetching a compass
with his hindfoot, both for the lengthening of the thrust, and
assuring of himself.
It is possible to withstand the thrust with the sword and
dagger joined together : but it is so discommodious and so
ridiculous a way, that I leave to speak thereof, as of a way
nothing safe to be practiced.
THE HURT OF THE LOW WARD AT RAPIER AND
DAGGER
In each ward, when one stands bearing the point of the
sword towards the enemy, it does much disadvantage him to
strike with the edge. And if in any sort it be lawful so to do,
it is, when he stands at the low ward: For it is commodious,
and there is spent but little time in the bestowing of an
edgeblow between thrusts. or, the rather to try the enemy,
there may be delivered an edgeblow from the wrist of the
hand, in the which as there is spent little time, so the point is
carried but a little out of the straight line, so that the enemy
may very hardly enter to strike under either of these blows.
But it is better, not to use them, resolving rather to
discharge thrust after thrust, then any edgeblow.
This warde may (as the high ward) be framed after two
sorts, to wit: with the right foot behind, and the same foot
before : but that with the right foot behind, is used rather to
respect the enemy than to strike first. For although it carries
great force by reason that the sword is far off from hurting,
and before it hits home, it spends much time, yet the hurt
thereof may be easily warded, either with the weapon, or by
retiring a pace. I will speak of that only which is framed
with the right foot before. And in this, one may strike two
ways, to wit: either within or without: By (Within) I
understand, when his sword is borne between the enemy's
sword and dagger. By (Without) I mean, when any one of
them is borne in the middle against the other.
When one finds himself within, at the half of the enemy's
sword, the point whereof, is directed to strike at the right
side, he must very swiftly increase a slope pace, and in a
manner straight, to the end he may approach the nearer his
enemy, and therewithall suddenly barring the enemy's sword
in the middle with his own sword and dagger, increase a
straight pace, and deliver a thrust.
This may be done after another plainer way, and that is:
when he stands at the half sword, to beat the enemy's
swords point out of the straight line on that side which shall
be most commodious, and in that line increasing his foot
forwards to drive a forcible thrust, at the enemy's face or
breast.
But standing without, he may (with the increase of his foot
forwards) give a thrust at the face, which the enemy of
necessity must defend with his sword : but therein the sword
and the point thereof is commonly carried out of the straight
line, in which case he may (with the increase of a slope
pace) turn a reverse at the legs, and then presently
something withdrawing his sword, deliver a thrust
underneath with the increase of a straight pace.
He may also after a second manner, give a right edgeblow
from the wrist, as short and strong as is possible, not so
much pretending to strike as to find the enemy's sword :
And it being suddenly found he must with the increase of a
slope or crooked pace, lift up his hand and drive a thrust
downwards, with the increase of a straight pace.
After a third sort also, he may strike, and that is to deliver
the aforesaid blow from the wrist, and having met with the
enemy's sword, to make presently a slope pace, and stay the
sword with his dagger, and then nimbly recovering his own
sword, to thrust underneath with the increase of a straight
pace.
These be sufficient, concerning that which may be done in
this warde with the sword both within and without, at least,
for so much as may be done by true Art.
THE DEFENSE OF THE LOW WARD AT RAPIER AND
DAGGER
Although in the defense of blows in each ward there is great
consideration and heed to be taken: yet in this especially is
required a far more excellent judgment and readiness in
action. For this ward does oppose itself against all others.
And the greater part of blows which are of importance,
proceed from this ward.
Besides, every man does naturally more accustom himself to
stay and repose himself in it, than in any other. Neither is it
(as I believe) for any other cause, then that he knows, by so
bearing himself, he may easily both strike and defend. And
because in this ward, as I have before said, in the hurt or
offense thereof, it more commodious to strike with the edge
than in any other ward, albeit, it is not there given for
counsel to be good to use it. But yet because it may easily
happen, there shall be here laid down some defense for it:
calling this principle before any other to remembrance, (He
that is nearest hits soonest) to the end, that knowing what
way either sword makes, each man may resolve himself to
deliver a thrust under an edgeblow, by the which is
prevented the fall of the said blow.
But because none, but such as are endued with deep
judgment, great activity, and stout courage, do or may
safely put this in practice: And to the end also, that those,
who accustom to defend every blow, performing that in two
times which might aswell be done in one, may rest satisfied :
I will lay down the defense of the edgeblow.
Therefore, whensoever edgeblows are given, they are either
right or reversed, high or low.
Against the right high blow, either the only dagger is to be
opposed, either the sword and Dagger both together. When
the only dagger is used, then a straight pace must be
increased, and the dagger hand lifted up to encounter the
enemy's sword in the weakest part thereof, and being
suddenly found a straight pace is to be increased, and a
thrust underneath (already prepared) to be discharged. But
if the sword and dagger be both together opposed, they
both must be lifted up, and as soon as the blow is
encountered, the enemy's face be cut by discharging a
reverse, with the only turn of the hand, resting and staying
itself in the broad warde.
.
The right blow, given beneath, or below, must be warded
after no manner, then by driving a thrust at the enemy's
thigh, which thrust is to this purpose, that it hits home safely
under that blow, and farther is a let, or bar, to the enemy's
sword, so that it may not light on the legs, considering that
in the discharge of the said thrust, the hindfoot must
necessarily go compassing towards the right side behind.
Reverses also, are either high or low. If high: they may be
warded with the dagger only, therewithall discharging a
thrust underneath, with the increase of a straight pace, as
soon as the dagger has met with the enemy's sword. Either,
they may be warded with the sword only increasing a
straight pace with the left foot, therewithall discharging a
thrust (already lifted up in the ward) with the increase of a
straight pace of the right leg. And this manner of warding, is
more according to Art, because it has been said, That all
blows on the left side, are to be warded with the dagger
only.
The reverse blow would be warded with giving a thrust
which safely hits, and hinders the sword to light on the legs.
This blow also, may be warded after each other and diverse
manners, which shalbe declared in the treatise of Deceit: for
this is not their proper place.
There is great regard to be taken in warding of thrusts, to
wit: to bear the body out of the straight line, because this is
the safest way that may be found to void them, because it
very difficult to meet with them, when they come barred and
closed in, and are forcibly discharge. For when a thrust
comes within (at the very time that the enemy strikes) he
ought to increase a slope pace, ensuring himself of the
enemy's sword with his dagger, and then to discharge a
thrust with an increase of a straight pace.
The thrust without is warded after the first manner, to wit,
when the enemy strikes, to increase a slope pace (whereby
the body voids danger) and to give a thrust with the increase
of a straight pace. In this order one may warde himself from
other ways of striking.
In like case, when the enemy (only to try and provoke) does
deliver an edgeblow from the wrist of the hand: let every
man be advised, as soon as the blow is delivered, to increase
a slope pace, and deliver a thrust with the increase of a
straight pace before the enemy (after his blow given) do
determine to discharge any more. This may suffice, for the
handling of the Rapier and Dagger truly, with advantage.
THE RAPIER AND CLOAK
That I may continue in the weapons which are most usual
and most commonly worn: After the Dagger, I come to the
Cloak: The use whereof was first found by chance and
reduced into Art. Neither was this for any other cause, than
for that nature does not only delight to invent things, but
also to preserve them being invented. And that she may the
better do it, she takes for her help all those thins that are
commodious for her. Wherefore, as men in diverse
accidents have casually proved, that the Cloak helps greatly
(for as much as they are to wear it daily) they have devised
how they may behave themselves in that, in which the Cloak
may serve their turn. Which accidents, because they are
infinite, and do not generally serve for our purpose, I will
restrain myself and speak of those only which appertain to
this Art, the which are such and so effectual, that they may
greatly help to the obtaining of safe victory, if they happen
to be placed in such a man as knows how to use and handle
them. And for that in true Art it does little prevail, the use
thereof being in a manner altogether deceitful, I was
resolved to put over all this to the treatise of Deceit, as unto
his proper place. Notwithstanding, to the end it may not
seem strange to any man, to read nothing of the Cloak in all
the handling of true Art, I am minded to lay down a certain
few blows in the accustomed wards, referring the more
abundant handling thereof unto the treatise of Deceit.
THE MANNER HOW TO HANDLE THE CLOAK
As the Cloak in this Art, has in it three things to b
considered, to wit: length, largeness, and flexibility: so it is
to be weighed how far each of these will stretch, to serve
the turn. of which three, one does properly belong to it, and
that is flexibility, which may neither be increased nor
diminished: The other two, may receive alteration. But yet it
is at any hand to be provided, that these two also be not
diminished. For the Cloak is no strong thing, which of itself
may withstand the blows of the weapon, being directly
opposed against them.
And therefore he shall prove himself but a fool, who trusting
to the cloth wrapped about his arm, does encounter any
right edgeblow therewith. For seeing the Cloak is not
flexible in that part (which flexibility is his only strength)
little prevails either length or largeness, wrapped about a
solid substance. But being opposite in that part thereof,
where it has length, largeness and flexibility (which is from
the arm downwards) it is available: for all three being joined
together will warde any edgeblow: the which manner of
warding should not be so sure, if the Cloak had only length
and flexibility: For having behind it little air, which is the
thing that does strengthen it, it may be easily be beaten too,
and cut, by any great blow. Therefore, if a man have so
much leisure, he ought to wrap his Cloak once or twice
about his arm, taking it by the Cape or collar, and folding
his arm therein up to the elbow, and therewithall to warde
all edgeblows from the flank thereof downwards, aswell on
the right side, as on the left side, always remembering to
carry his foot differing from his arm, for the avoiding of
danger that may arise by bearing his leg on the selfsame
side, near his cloak knowing the Cloak wards not when
there is any hard substance behind it. Thrusts also
themselves, may be given without, if with the Cloak, or with
the hand in the Cloak, the enemy's sword be beaten off, one
handful within the point thereof. For the edge having but
small power in that case, is not able in so little time, to cut
the hand. The blows also, aswell of the point, as of the
edge, from the flank upwards, ought to warded with the
sword: For to lift the arm so high being burdened with the
weight of the Cloak, which naturally draws downwards, as
it is a violent thing it is also perilous, least the arm be placed
instead of the Cloak, and so rest wounded, or lest the arm
or Cloak be placed before the eyes, which by that means
remain blinded. (Figure 11)
AN ADVERTISEMENT CONCERNING THE
WARDING AND
WRAPPING OF THE CLOAK.
There are two ways (in these days) to wrap the Cloak, the
one is, when one having leisure takes the Cloak by the cape
or collar, and so folds it once or twice about his arm: The
other is, as often times it falls out, when letting the Cloak
fall down upon from the shoulder, it is happily taken by one
side, and so is turned once or twice about the arm.
Now as concerning striking a man ought in the handling of
these weapons as he would strike, first to increase and carry
the one foot near to the other, and then farther to increase a
half, not a whole pace, as in other weapons: For at these
weapons, it is dangerous lest (making a whole pace) he
entangle his foot or feet in the Cloak and fall down
therewith. And this must be taken heed of, in the first and
second folding, but principally in the second, because in it
the Cloak is longer, and therefore does more easily touch
the earth and entangle his feet: In the first told, although the
cloak not touch the earth, because the arm does orderly bear
it, yet by reason of weariness, the arm falls and causes the
foresaid effect.
THE HURT OF THE HIGH WARD AT RAPIER AND
CLOAK.
In these manner of weapons as in others, I will frame three
wards: The first by the foresaid reasons, shall be the high
warde, which in these kind of weapons more then in any
other deserve the name of a ward. For the Rapier
(something bending) wards as far as the cloak hand, and the
cloakhand down to the middle leg: so that in this ward a
man is warded from the top of the hand down to the foot.
Therefore standing at this ward, whether it be with the right
foot before or behind, he may deliver a thrust with the
increase of a half pace forwards, staying himself in the low
ward.
The right edgeblow ought to be delivered from the wrist
without any motion of the feet, resting in the low ward: but
in delivering of the reverse, it is necessary to fetch a whole
pace, and in a manner straight. If the enemy ward it with his
sword, then the encounter of the enemy's sword, must be
stayed suddenly with the Cloakhand in the first part thereof,
and a thrust be delivered underneath, with the increase of a
straight pace.
THE DEFENSE OF THE THRUST, RIGHT AND
REVERSED BLOWS
OF THE HIGH WARD AT RAPIER AND CLOAK.
For the better avoiding of the hurts which proceed from the
high ward: it is necessary to stand at the low ward, in the
which the thrust is to be warded iiii manner of ways, to wit:
either with the single sword within or without, either with
the single Cloak within or without. If with the single sword
within, it is requisite to fetch a compass with the foot
backwards on the right side. In like case to turn the body
the same way, to the intent, to carry it out of the straight
line (in which the blow comes) and to drive a reversed
thrust at the face, the which thrust in such order delivered is
the longest that is, and such a one, as thereby the hurt is not
only voided, but also at the self same time, the enemy is
struck in the face. If it chance, that the sword be
encountered without then it is not only profitable but also
necessary, to step forwards and with the Cloak to encounter
the enemy's sword in the first part thereof. And recovering
his own sword, to discharge a thrust underneath with the
increase of the right foot. And although it be laid down for a
rule, not to use a whole pace when handling the Cloak, this
ought to be understood in striking, the which (whilst one
endeavors to strike with the sword) it may be forgetting the
Cloak, his arm may fall, by means whereof he may stumble
against it: but in warding, it does not so happen. For nature
being careful to defend herself (at every little danger) lifts
up both her arms, yea, although they be oppressed with
weight and burden.
Wherefore it is not to be feared, that in warding this thrust,
the hand will be drawn down by the weight of the Cloak.
The same wards and defenses may be used with the single
Cloak, in the which, one must likewise strike, with the
increase of the right foot. This manner of warding is not
very sure, and therefore it requires great activity and deep
judgment, considering he ought to bear his Cloak and arm
stretched out before him, and to mark when the enemy's
swords point shall pass within the Cloakhand one handful or
little more: and not to suffer it pass farther, but to beat it
off, and increasing to discharge a thrust underneath, with
the increase of a pace with the right foot. But as I have said,
this manner of warding has little certainty and great peril in
it, and yet it strikes well, if it be done in short time.
The right edgeblow may in like manner be warded with the
single sword or Cloak: but when it comes aloft, it shall not
be commodious to encounter it with the single Cloak, for by
that means the eyes blind themselves. How much this
imports, let others judge. But, when the said right blow
comes in a manner low, so that it may well be warded,
keeping the enemy in sight, then the Cloak is to be opposed,
with the increase of the left pace, and presently thereupon, a
thrust to be discharged, with the increase of a right pace.
When one opposes the single sword against the right blow,
he must drive a thrust at the face, and fetch a compass with
his hindfoot, cutting the face with the said thrust and stay
himself in the broad ward. The self same must be done,
when he defends himself with both together, to wit, with the
sword and Cloak.
Against the reversed blow, the self same manner is used in
warding to wit, either with the one, or with the other, either
with both joined together.
With the Cloak, by the increase of a pace, and by
encountering the enemy's sword, as far forwards as is
possible, that thereby it may be done the more
commodiously, delivering a thrust therewithall underneath,
with the increase of a pace of the right foot.
With the single Rapier, the same defense may suffice, which
is laid down in the treatise of the single Rapier, and that is,
to discharge a thrust at the enemy's thigh, the which
withstands the fall of the reverse blow.
Now, if one would defend himself with both these weapons
joined together, he must increase a pace with the right foot,
and staying the enemy's sword with his cloak, recover his
own sword nimbly, and then deliver a thrust with the
increase of a pace of the right foot.
THE HURT OF THE BROAD WARD, AT RAPIER AND
CLOAK.
In this ward, as well as in others, a man may both thrust and
strike, yet diversely; For he may not discharge a right
edgeblow beneath. And the reverse is manifestly dangerous:
So that, when he is to deliver it, he ought to perform it in
this order.
First, he shall drive a thrust, fetching a compass with his
hindfoot, that by that means it may reach the farther, then
suddenly (without moving of himself) he shall deliver a right
edgeblow, from the wrist, after the which presently, the
reverse must follow, with the increase of a pace of the right
foot: and further, must follow on the thrust already
prepared, and increase the like pace.
THE DEFENSE OF THE BROAD WARD, AT RAPIER
AND CLOAK.
To him that will safely ward himself from the hurt of the
broad ward, it is requisite, that he stand at the low ward.
And when the thrust underneath comes, he shall thrust at
the face, fetching a compass with his hindfoot towards the
right side, with which kind of thrust, it does lightly happen
that the enemy is hit in the face: but if it fail, yet for all that,
the enemy obtains not his purpose, in the discharge of the
thrust of the broad ward: For by delivering the thrust
underneath, and compassing of the hindfoot, the body is
carried out of the straight line: So that, as soon as the thrust
is delivered at the face, and the enemy not struck therewith,
but passes beyond his head, the reverse is to be turned at the
face, and the foot to be plucked back, settling in the broad
ward. To ward the right and reversed blows, there is a
thrust to be given at the thighs or some other place that may
most hinder them, in the very same time that such blows are
in their circle or compass. Although I do not believe that
there is a man so foolish, that (in this ward) will deliver a
reverse only.
OF THE HURT OF THE LOW WARD, AT RAPIER AND
CLOAK.
This ward is so straight and perilous, that in no man ought
to assure himself to deliver an edgeblow any manner of way.
For under any of them he may be easily struck, and each of
them may easily be warded with the Cloak. Therefore, he
must diligently take heed, that he thrust only, the which
must never be discharged before the enemy's sword be
found, and then as far forwards as possible . So then f
finding it, he may thrust both within and without. Neither is
there in this thrust any other advantage to be gotten, then to
steal a half pace unawares of the enemy, which may be done
very commodiously, considering the cloak occupies the
enemy's sight, And having drawn his half pace, and found
the enemy's sword, he must increase another half pace
forwards, and strike him, costing and forcing the enemy's
sword, on that side where it may do no hurt. And this may
be used both within and without: But he whom it pleases,
and who doubts not to be entangled in the Cloak, may
(finding himself within) carry his left foot making a pace
therewith, and between his Cloak and his sword, close the
enemy's sword, and deliver a thrust with the increase of a
pace of the right foot: And finding his enemy's sword
without, he may use the self same increase and thrust. But if
he find not the enemy's sword, he must deliver a little edge
blow from the wrist of the hand, in such sort, that the enemy
have no leisure to enter in: And having found the Sword, to
discharge a right or straight thrust, or else not voiding the
enemy's sword by the increase of a left pace, to drive a
thrust from aloft downwards, lifting up the fist somewhat
high, and delivering it with the increase of a pace of the
right foot.
OF THE DEFENSE OF THE LOW WARD
AT RAPIER AND CLOAK.
To the end a man may ward himself from all the thrusts
reckoned in the hurts of this ward, he neither ought, neither
happily may do any other thing then void his body from the
straight line, wherein the enemy purposes to strike, making
a left pace forwards, somewhat thwarting or crossing and
striking the enemy safely. The which does not so chance,
when one defends himself either with the single Cloak or
single Rapier: For whilst he assays to defend himself, he
cannot strike. And if the enemy do first move, and strike
straight, in the which, his sword is not carried much
outwards (and it is hardly done,) I say, the enemy may by
stealing of half paces, discharge a thrust perforce. And
therefore he must take heed, that (as the enemy moves) he
increase a slope pace (by that means voiding the hurt) then a
thwart or crossing pace next, with the increase of a straight
pace of the right foot, to strike the enemy with a thrust
underneath.
This may suffice, for the handling of these weapons as much
as appertains to sure play. All that which remains is reserved
to the treatise of deceit, in which place shall be seen many
handlings of the Cloak no less profitable then pleasant.
OF THE SWORD AND BUCKLER
Forasmuch as the Buckler is a weapon very commodious
and much used, it is reason that I handle it next after the
Cloak. For my purpose is, to reason of those weapons first
which men do most ordinarily use, then of those that are
extraordinary and less accustomed, discoursing upon each
of them, as much as is requisite when I come unto them.
Therefore I will first consider of the Buckler, therewith
proceeding orderly.
First his form, as much as appertains to this Art. Next the
manner how to use it, giving to every man to understand
that the Buckler and other weapons (which are said to be
weapons only of warding) may also be of striking, as I will
declare in his proper place.
OF THE FORM OF THE BUCKLER
As the form of the Buckler is round and small, and ought to
be a shield and safeguard of the whole body, which is far
greater then it: So it is to be understood how it may
accomplish the same, being a matter in a manner impossible.
Let every one therefore know, that the little Buckler is not
equal in bigness to the body simply, but after a certain
manner, from which springs this commodity, that he which
understands it, shall be resolved of the manner how to bear
and handle it, and shall know that in it, which shall not only
advantage him in the use thereof, but also of many other
weapons.
It is to be understood, that the Buckler bears the self same
respect to the body, which the little prick or sight, on the
top of the harquebus artillery or such like bears to the object
which they respect and behold. For when a Harquebuser or
Gunner, discharges happily against a Pigeon or Tower, if
they behold and find that the Prick strikes the object,
although the prick or sight be very little, and of a thousand
parts one: yet I say, the said prick of the Harquebuser shall
cover the whole Pigeon, and that of the Artillery in a
manner the whole Tower: The effect proceeding of no other
thing then of the distance. And it is in this manner. The eye
beholding directly through the straight sight, as soon as it
arrives at the object, and may not pass through, tears it, and
sends through a line sidewise, spreading itself like unto two
sides of a Triangle, the which overthrows the foundation of
that thing which it strikes: The which foundation, the
instrument strikes with which the discharge was made. And
if it work otherwise, that comes either of that defect of the
instrument, or of that it was not firm.
Wherefore, applying this example to our purpose I say, that
the enemy's sword is as the line of the eyesight, The
Buckler, even as the little prick or sight in the Harquebus,
the body of him that holds the Buckler, as the object unto
which the stroke is directed: And so much the rather the
Buckler shall be the more like this prick or sight, and have
power to cover the whole body, by how much it shall be the
further of from the thing that is to cover.
As concerning his greatness, standing still on the form of the
Buckler, by how much the greater it is, by so much the
better it voids the blows. But it is to be regarded, that it
hinder not the eye sight, or at least as little as is possible.
Besides this, there is required, that about the middle thereof,
there be a little strong circle of Iron, well nailed and
hollowed from the Buckler, so that between that circle and
the Buckler the Sword may enter, by means whereof, a man
may either take holdfast of the sword, or break a piece of
the point. But, this is done rather by chance then that any
rule may be given how a man should so take hold and break
it, for the sword comes not with such slowness, and in such
quantity of time, as is requisite in that behalf.
It shall be also very profitable, that in the midst of the
Buckler, there be a sharp point or stert of Iron, to the end
the enemy may be struck therewith when occasion serves.
THE MANNER HOW TO HANDLE THE BUCKLER
If a man would, that the Buckler work the said effect, to
wit: that it may be able with his smallness to cover the
whole body, he must hold and bear it in his fist, as far off
from the body as the arm may possibly stretch forth, moving
always the arm and buckler together, as one entire and solid
thing, having no bending, or as if the arm were united to the
buckler, turning continually all the flat thereof towards the
enemy. From which kind of holding proceed all these
commodities following.
1 The first is, that the arm (standing directly behind the
Buckler) is wholly covered, neither may be struck by any
manner of thing which is before it. (Figure 12)
2 The second, that all edgeblows are of force encountered in
the first or second part thereof, where they carry least force:
neither can it fall out otherwise, if the enemy would (in
manner as he ought) strike either at the head or the body.
For if the enemy would strike them, it is necessary, that his
sword come within the buckler so much as the arm is long :
For otherwise it shall never hit home. And in this case he
may well ward each great blow, and therewithal easily
strike, and that in a short time.
3 The third commodity is, that all thrusts are most easily
warded : for the Buckler being round, with the directly flat
opposite against the enemy, and warding all the body, the
enemy will not resolve himself to give a thrust but only
against those
parts which are so well covered by the Buckler, as, the
head, the thighs, or some part of the body, being discovered
by ill bearing of the buckler. And seeing that these thrusts,
having to hit home, ought to enter so far in, as is from the
buckler to the body and more (and that is the length of the
arm) they may easily and without doubt (making less
motion, and therefore in little time) be driven outwards by
the Buckler before they come to the body.
There are many other commodities to be gathered by so
holding the buckler, which at this present are not to be
recited.
Wherefore being to finish this Chapter, I say, that the
Buckler ought not to defend, but only down to the knee and
less. And reason would that it should defend no farther than
the arm can stretch itself, that is to the middle thigh. In the
act of fighting, a man stands always somewhat bowing,
therefore a little more is allowed. The rest of the body
downwards must be warded with the Sword only.
OF THE HURT OF THE HIGH WARD AT SWORD
AND BUCKLER
Because it is a very easy matter to ward both the right and
reversed blows of the edge : And for that a man may easily
strike under them, I will not lay down either for the one or
the other their strikings or defendings, but only talk of the
thrust. I say, the thrust above may be delivered in the one
with the right foot behind, the other with the right foot
before.
When one should deliver a thrust with the right foot before,
he must remember in any case, first (unawares of the
enemy) to _ half pace, that is to say: to draw the hindfoot
near the forefoot, and then to cast a thrust with the increase
of a half pace forwards, settling himself after the delivery
thereof in the low ward.
OF THE DEFENSE OF THE HIGH WARD AT SWORD
AND BUCKLER
As a man stands at the low ward he may easily defend both
those lofty thrusts. When they come, he standing at the said
ward, it shall be best to drive them outwards, with the
increase of a left pace, and with his sword and buckler to
stay the enemy's sword. And because this left pace is a great
increase : and likewise the enemy, driving his thrusts, comes
with great force, it may easily come to pass that both may
approach so near one to the other, that he may with his
buckler give the enemy, the Mustachio, in the face, but that
must be done when fit occasion is offered, and then further
recovering his own sword to discharge a thrust underneath
with the increase of a pace of the right foot.
OF THE HURT OF THE BROAD WARD, AT
SWORD AND BUCKLER
If a man would step forward, and strike as he stands in the
broad ward, it is not lawful for him to use any other then the
thrust, considering the right and reversed blows may not be
delivered without great peril and danger. For in the sight or
placing of this ward, the sword is far off from the body. And
as he moves to fetch a right or reversed edgeblow, his
sword of force will be much farther: So that it may not be
done without great danger. Therefore he shall use the thrust
only: in forcing and delivery whereof, he shall proceed first
to carry his hindfoot a half pace forwards, and then to drive
it on with the increase of another half pace of the right foot,
staying himself in the broad ward.
OF THE DEFENSE OF THE BROAD WARD AT
SWORD AND BUCKLER
Against the thrust of the broad ward, the Buckler is to be
opposed, standing at the low ward. And when the enemy
comes resolutely to thrust, then without warding it at all, he
shall drive a thrust at the face, carrying the hindfoot in a
compass towards the right side aswell to lengthen the thrust,
as also to carry himself out of the straight line, in the which
the enemy comes resolutely to strike, who, by this manner
of thrust is easily hurt.
OF THE HURT OF THE LOW WARD AT SWORD AND
BUCKLER
As this low ward is framed in two manner of ways, that is to
say, with the right foot before and behind: So likewise a
man may strike therein after two sorts, Standing with the
right foot behind (leaving aside, the blows of the edge,
being to small purpose) he shall deliver a thrust with the
increase of a the right foot, between the enemy's sword and
buckler, or else, if it be more commodious without the
sword and buckler, settling in the low ward, with the right
foot before, in which ward, a man may strike in two manner
of ways, within and without. Finding himself without,
having first met the enemy's sword with his own, he shall
increase a left pace, not to the intent to avoid himself from
the enemy's sword, but shall with his buckler also, stay the
enemy's sword, and forasmuch as he did not at the first
deliver the said thrust, he shall then continue and force it on
directly with the increase of a pace of the right foot. Finding
himself within, the same thrust is to be used but more
strongly. For, with the increase of a pace, leaving his
buckler or the enemy's sword, he shuts it in between his
own sword and the buckler: and keeping it in that straight,
(whereby he is sure the enemy can deliver no edgeblow
because it may not move neither upwards nor downwards,
neither forwards, but is then without the body,) he shall
continue on, and resolutely deliver this manner of thrust ,
with the increase of a pace of the right foot.
OF THE DEFENSE OF THE LOW WARD,
AT SWORD AND BUCKLER
For the defense of all these thrusts, it is necessary that he
stand at the low ward, and standing thereat, whilst the
thrust comes which is delivered with the right foot behind,
he shall do no other, than in the selfsame time, deliver a
thrust at the thigh or breast, turning the hilt of his sword
against the enemy's sword, and compassing his hindfoot,
withal bearing his body out of the straight line, in which the
enemy strikes. And in this manner of warding does not only
defend, but also safely hurt.
For the defense of the other two thrusts, the one within, and
the other without, a man must take great heed, and it is very
necessary that as the enemy increases pretending to strike
safely) he carry a slope pace with the left foot and deliver a
thrust above hand, upon the which the enemy of himself
shall run and invest himself. And it is to be considered, that
in these thrusts, he that defends has great advantage: For
the enemy comes resolutely to strike, not thinking that it
may in any other sort be warded then by giving back, But he
that wards by increase in, defending and drawing near unto
the enemy, is so placed that he may easily hurt him.
OF THE SWORD AND TARGET, CALLED THE
SQUARE TARGET
It is most manifest, that the Target is a most ancient weap-
on, found out only for the use of warfare, and peculiar
quarrels between man and man : albeit, since the finding
thereof, there have been devised by the industry of man a
thousand ways to serve them at their need: From whence it
has come to pass, (because it seemed convenient unto the
Professors of this Art) that this weapon was very
commodious and profitable, aswell for his fashion, as for it
is a mean or middle weapon, between the buckler and the
round Target: That they have framed a special kind of play
therewith, although it differs from the other two weapons in
no other thing then fashion. Therefore, diverse professors of
this Art, being moved some by reason of the form, some by
the bigness, and some by the heaviness thereof, have
accustomed to bear it after diverse ways, Those who make
most account of the heaviness, would for some
consideration, that the right and proper bearing thereof, was
to hold it leaning on the thigh, not moving there hence, but
being greatly constrained thereunto.
Others, who esteemed the form and bigness thereof,
because it seemed unto them that the Target without any
motion was most apt of itself to ward all that part of the
body which is betwixt the neck and the thigh, bare it with
their arm drawn back and close to their breast. The which
opinion, I mean not at this present to confute, forasmuch as
by the showing of mine own opinion, it shall appear how
mightily they were deceived in the holding thereof, from the
true holding whereof springs all the profit which his form
and bigness does give it.
THE MANNER HOW TO HOLD THE SQUARE
TARGET
Being desirous to bear great respect aswell to all the
qualities of this Target (Figure 13)(which are, the form, the bigness,
and heaviness) as unto that wherewith it may either help or
hurt, I say (if a man would that the form thereof do bring
him profit without hurt) it is to be held with the high point
thereof upwards respecting the head: the part opposite, the
low parts of the body: the right part thereof, the right side,
and the left, the left side: from this manner of bearing spring
these advantages. First, a man may more easily see his
enemy, and view what he does by the point of the corner,
which is on the one side, and that is by the high point, by
which, if he would behold his enemy, from the head to the
feet, it is requisite that he carry his Target, so low, that he
discover not too much of his body which is above it: to the
warding whereof he cannot come again, but
discommodiously, and in long time.
Besides, the said commodity of beholding the enemy, there
is also another that is of this warding: For the Target being
borne after this manner (framing a triangle) the sharp corner
thereof respects the forehead, and the sides thereof so
spread themselves, that through the least motion, any big
man whosoever, may stand safe behind them. And if blows
come at the head, be they thrusts or edgeblows, all of them
light upon one of the said sides, behind which stands the
head safe without hindering of the eyesight. The other two
sides of the Target, right, and left, with very small motion,
ward the right and left side of the body, in such sort, that a
man may also draw back his arm: For the left side of the
Target wards the elbow, which it does not do, when the
high side thereof is carried equal. To conclude therefore,
that in holding the Target, his bigness may the better ward,
for the causes abovesaid being superfluous to be repeated
again, I counsel, it to be held with the arm stretched forth
from the body, not accounting the heaviness to be hurtful,
because continues not long in so holding it: and if the too
long holding be painful, he may draw back his arm, and rest
himself. The better to do this and to be able to see the
enemy, I say, he shall hold it, his arm stretched out, with the
high point outwards, respecting the forehead.
THE HURT OF THE HIGH WARD, AT SWORD and
SQUARE TARGET
Many Deceits, Falses, and Wards, may be practiced in the
handling of these weapons: All which I reserve to the
treatise of Deceit or falsing, as unto his proper place,
framing likewise in this all the rest, three ordinary wards,
upon which, all the rest depend, and against which they may
be opposed.
Standing at this high ward, and pretending to strike the
enemy, it is first of all to be provided, that one steal a false
pace from behind, and then discharge a thrust above hand,
with the increase of another half pace forwards, which being
warded by the enemy with his Target only, not moving his
body, he may then increase a straight pace of the left foot,
and (somewhat lifting up his hand, and abasing the point of
his sword) force a thrust from above downwards between
the Target and body of the enemy, with the increase of a
pace of the right foot: the which thrust will safely speed the
enemy, if his body be not first voided. The self same thrust
may be delivered in this high ward, standing with the right
foot behind.
THE DEFENSE OF THE HIGH WARD,
AT SWORD SQUARE TARGET
The foresaid thrust may easily be warded, if in the very time
that it comes it be encountered with the high point of the
Target, but yet with that side which bends towards the right
hand. And as soon as the enemy's sword is come one
handful within the Target, it must be strongly beaten off by
the Target towards the right hand, increasing the same
instant a left pace. Then with as great an increase of a pace
of the right foot as may be possible, a thrust underneath
most be given, already prepared, because a man ought to
stand at the low ward for the warding of the thrust
abovehand.
THE HURT OF THE BROAD WARD,
AT SWORD and SQUARE TARGET
In this ward likewise, the enemy may be invested on the
point of the sword, by going forwards as straightly as is
possible, and by striking quickly before the enemy. For the
Target (whose charge is only to defend) is so great, that it
may easily ward all edgeblows, and those chiefly which
come from the knee upwards. Farther, when a blow is
pretended to be delivered, it is manifest, that a thrust does
enter by a more narrow straight than any edgeblow does.
And therefore, when one would strike the enemy standing at
the lock or low ward, he must remember that he approach
as near him as he may possible: and being so near, that with
his Target put forth one handful more forwards, he may
beat away the enemy's sword, then by so beating of it, he
shall increase a left pace, and presently after it, with the
increase of the right foot, deliver him a thrust, if it so chance
that at the first encounter he strike him not strongly.
THE DEFENSE OF THE BROAD WARD,
AT SWORD SQUARE TARGET
Standing at the low ward, one may ward and defend the
thrust of the broad ward, diverse ways, among all which,
there is one way, very easy and sure and thus is it. For the
defense of this thrust, it is necessary, that he stand at the
low ward, his sword and arm being in their proper place:
and that with his Target something stretched out from his
body, he provoke the enemy, who being determined in
himself, and coming resolutely to give a thrust, he then
ought with the increase of a pace of the right foot, to strike
the enemy with a low thrust, underneath both his own and
his enemy's Target.
THE HURT OF THE LOW WARD
AT SWORD AND SQUARE TARGET
There are many blows to be bestowed, standing at the low
ward, all which I esteem as vain and to no purpose,
considering the manifold and abundant defense of the
Target. Therefore I will restrain myself unto two only which
are very strong and hardly to be warded. And they are two
thrusts, the one within, the other without, with the right foot
both before and behind.
When one finds himself within, with his right foot before,
and so near his enemy, that by the increase of a left pace, he
may with the right side of his Target, beat away the enemy's
sword in the middle thereof, then he ought nimbly to
increase that left pace, and (closing in the enemy's sword
between his Target and his own sword) to deliver a forcible
thrust at the thighs, with the increase of the right foot. He
may also do the very self same when he finds himself to
stand with his right foot behind, but then he must farther of
the right foot first, and then continuing still force his sword
and paces directly onwards, if he hit not the enemy as he
would at the first.
But if it chance that he find himself without, then he must
(having first found out fit opportunity to beat off the
enemy's sword with his Target) increase a left pace, and
placing the high side of his Target under his enemy's sword
and his own sword upon it, closing it in, in the middle,
increase a pace of the right foot, and discharge a forcible
thrust, at the breast or face. And he may do the self same,
when he stands with the right foot behind.
THE DEFENSE OF THE LOW WARD,
AT SWORD and SQUARE TARGET
For the warding of those two thrusts of the low ward, it is
necessary, that a man stand at the same ward. And as the
enemy comes resolutely determined to thrust within, he
must as soon, or more readily then he, increase a left pace,
and with the right side of his Target close in the enemy's
sword, between it and his own sword, and then to enter
perforce, and thrust either between the two Targets or else
under them, with the increase of a pace of the right foot.
But if the enemy come without, he must increase the self
same slope pace, and with the right side of his Target beat
off the point of the enemy's sword, and then thrust either
above, either beneath, as in that occasion it shall be most to
his advantage with the increase of the pace of the right foot.
And when in consideration of the abundant defenses of the
Target, he may neither increase his paces, not deliver a
thrust, he must settle himself in the low ward with the right
foot behind, which ward I will largely handle in the treatise
of deceit or falsing, being as it were his proper place, here
ending the true handling of the sword and square Target.
OF THE SWORD AND ROUND TARGET.
The round Target (Figure 14) would require a long and most exquisite
consideration because it is of circular form, most capable,
and most perfect of all others. But for that my purpose in
this my work, is to write that only which I know does
appertain to this Art, giving leave to every man to busy
himself in his own profession. And leaving a great part of
this consideration to the Mathematicians and
Historiographers to reason of his diverse qualities or
passions, either who was inventor thereof, either, whether it
be a weapon of antiquity, or of this our age, And coming to
discourse of that, wherein it profits in this our time, (being a
weapon so greatly honored and esteemed of Princes, Lords,
and Gentlemen, that besides the use thereof in their affairs,
as well by day as by night, they also keep their hoses richly
decked and beautified therewith) And considering only that
thing, in the round Target, among all weapons which may
profit or hurt in the handling thereof, I say, that the said
round Target has been diversely held, borne and used, by
diverse men in diverse ages, aswell as the other square
Target, and other weapons of defense, as well as of offense.
And there want not also men in our time, who to the intent
they be not wearied, bear it leaning on their thigh as though
that in this exercise (in which only travail and pains are
available) a man should only care for rest and quietness. For
by the means of these two, strength and activity, (parts in
the exercise of weapons, both important and necessary) are
obtained and gotten.
Other some, holding their whole Arm bowed together, have
carried it altogether flat against their body, not regarding
either to ward their belly, or utterly to lose the sight of the
enemy, but will at any hand stand (as they think) safe behind
it, as behind a wall, not knowing what a manner of weight it
is, both to see the enemy, and work other effects, which, (by
so holding it) may not be brought to pass.
OF THE MANNER HOW TO HOLD THE ROUND
TARGET.
If a man would so bear the round Target, that it may cover
the whole body, and yet nothing hinder him from seeing his
enemy, which is a matter of great importance, it is requisite,
that he bear it towards the enemy, not with the convex or
outward part thereof, altogether equal, plain or even,
neither to hold his arm so bowed, that in his elbow there be
made (if not a sharp yet) at least a straight corner. For
besides that (by so holding it) it wearies the arm: it likewise
so hinders the sight, that if he would see his enemy from the
breast downwards, of necessity he must abase his Target, or
bear his head so peeping forwards, that it may be sooner
hurt than the Target may come to ward it. And farther it so
defends, that only so much of the body is warded, as the
Target is big, or little more, because it cannot more then the
half arm, from the elbow to the shoulder, which is very
little, as every man knows or may perceive: So that the head
shall be warded with great pain, and the thighs shall
altogether remain discovered, in such sort, that to save the
belly, he shall leave all the rest of the body in jeopardy.
Therefore, if he would hold the said Target, that it may well
defend all that part of the body, which is from the knee
upwards, and that he may see his enemy, it is requisite that
he bear his arm, if not right, yet at least bowed so little, that
in the elbow there be framed so blunt an angle or corner,
that his eyebeams passing near that part of the
circumference of the Target, which is near his hand, may see
his enemy from the head to the foot. And by holding the
said convex part in this manner, it shall ward all the left side,
and the circumference near the hand shall with the least
motion defend the right side, the head and the thighs. And in
this manner he shall keep his enemy in sight and defend all
that part of the body, which is allotted unto the said Target.
Therefore the said Target shall be born, the arm in a manner
so straight towards the left side, that the eyesight may pass
to behold the enemy without moving, for this only occasion,
either the head, or the Target.
THE HURT OF THE HIGH WARD,
AT SWORD AND ROUND TARGET
Because the round Target contains in it most great and sure
defense, therefore ought not any edgeblow which may be
easily warded with the single sword without the help of the
Target be delivered. Thrusts also enter very difficultly to
strike the body, because the Target, by means of the least
motion that is, seems to be, as it were a wall before the
body. And to thrust at the leg is no sure play. That which
remains to be done, is to thrust forcibly with the sword: and
when one perceives, that the point thereof is entered within
the circumference of the enemy's Target, it is necessary that
he increase a left pace, and with the circumference of his
own Target, to beat off the enemy's sword and Target, to
the end, it suffer the thrust so given of force to enter in. And
(having so beaten and entered) to continue on the thrust in
the straight line, with the increase of a pace of the right
foot.
When he finds himself in the high ward, he shall increase a
half pace with the hindfoot, gathering upon the enemy, as
near as he may without danger. And being so nigh that he
may drive his sword within the circumference, then as soon
as he perceives his sword to be within it, (his arm being
stretched out at the uttermost length) he ought suddenly to
increase a left pace, beating off with the circumference of
his own Target, the enemy's Target: and with the increase of
a pace of the right foot, to cause his thrust to enter perforce.
This also he may practice when the enemy endeavors, to
withstand the entrance of the thrust, when it is already past,
within the circumference of his Target.
But if the enemy (as it may fall out) ward this thrust not
with part of the circumference, which is near his hand, but
that which is above it (by means whereof his Target
discovers his eyes) then he may very commodious,
increasing his paces as aforesaid, recover his thrust above,
and force it underneath, with the increase of a pace of the
right foot. And this is a more sure way of thrusting than any
other.
THE DEFENSE OF THE HIGH WARD,
AT SWORD AND ROUND TARGET
For the defending of the thrust of the high ward, it is most
sure standing at the low ward, and to endeavor to overcome
the enemy, by the same skill by the which he himself would
obtain the victory. In the very same time, that he delivers his
thrust, a man must suddenly increase a slope pace with the
left foot, beating off the enemy's Target with his own, and
driving of a thrust perforce with the increase of a pace of
the right foot. And with this manner of defense being done
with such nimbleness as is required, he does also safely
strike the enemy, who cannot strike him again, because, by
means of the said slope pace he is carried out of the line in
the which the enemy pretended to strike.
THE HURT OF THE BROAD WARD,
AT SWORD AND ROUND TARGET
It is very difficult to strike in this broad ward, if first with
much compassing and gathering of the enemy, a man do not
assay with the circumference of his Target near his hand, to
beat off the enemy's sword. And being so beaten, to increase
a left pace, and farther by adding thereunto the increase of a
pace of the right foot, to discharge a thrust. But it shall
happily be better in the handling of these weapons, not to
use this broad ward: for the hand is borne out of the straight
line, in the which he may strike both safely and readily: And
before it return to said line, there is much time spent.
And farther, a man is not then in case with his Target to
beat off the enemy's sword: But if happily he be, yet (though
he be very ready, aswell with the hand as foot) his thrust
shall never enter so far that it may hit home: For the enemy,
with a very small motion of his Target forwards, may very
easily drive the enemy's sword out of the straight line.
Therefore, he that would change or shift out of this ward, to
the intent to strike, must of necessity be passing nimble and
ready, and before he delivers his blow, must beat the
enemy's sword with his Target.
THE DEFENSE OF THE BROAD WARD,
AT SWORD AND ROUND TARGET
Because in every occasion or accident a man stands safe in
the low ward, I will endeavor in this case, to place him also
in the same ward, for the encountering of the hurt of the
broad ward. That therefore which by mine advise he shall
do, is that -eat heed, not to suffer his sword to be beaten off
any manner of way. And when the enemy without this
beating presumes to enter, he must in the self same time
increase a left pace and safely deliver a thrust underneath
with the increase of the right foot. And farther, when the
enemy shall perform, that is, first find the sword and beat it
off, (seeing of necessity if he would enter and hit home, his
sword must pass by the circumference of the Target near
the hand) then, to withstand the entry, it is requisite that he
drive the enemy's sword outwards on the right side with his
Target and with the increase of the said pace, that he enter
and strike him.
THE HURT OF THE LOW WARD,
AT SWORD AND ROUND TARGET
A man may strike in this ward, the right foot being behind,
and before, and in both ways, he may bear his sword either
within or without. If therefore he find himself to stand with
the right foot behind and without, he shall assay at any
hand, before he determine to strike, to find the enemy's
sword with his own, and as soon as he finds it shall clap to
his Target, and strike perforce with a low thrust, increasing
with the right foot. But finding himself to stand within, no
more with his sword, then he does with his Target, he shall
prove whether he can find the enemy's sword, and having
found it, shall strain it fast between his own sword and
Target, and then shall deliver a thrust with the increase of a
pace of the right foot, the which thrust of force speeds: This
being performed, he shall settle himself in this, or in either
of these ways in the low ward with the right foot before.
And as he so stands in this ward, he may after the same sort
strike either within or without.
Therefore finding himself within, he shall provide to meet
with the enemy's sword, and with the increase of a left pace,
shall clap to his Target, for the most safety, and then drive
on a forcible thrust. with the increasing of the right foot.
And finding himself to bear his sword within in the said
ward, and with his right foot behind, he shall endeavor to
find the enemy's sword with his Target, and having found it,
shall close it in between his own sword and Target, and with
the increase of a left pace, shall perforce hurt the enemy,
with the increase of a pace of the right foot.
Now, all these thrusts, no doubt shall speed every time that
the enemy either makes no traverse motion with his body,
either as he strikes, comes directly forwards, or else being
fearful, goes directly backwards, for it is not possible that
one man go so fast directly backwards, as an other may
forwards. Yet it is therefore diligently to be observed in this
ward, never to determine to strike, either in the handling of
these, or of any other kind of weapons, if (with one of
them) he shall not first find the enemy's sword. The which
redoings to great profit of every man, but especially of
those, who have strong arms, for that they are better able to
beat back the enemy's weapon.
OF THE DEFENSE OF THE LOW WARD,
AT SWORD AND ROUND TARGET.
All the foresaid thrusts are warded, by not suffering the
sword to be found by the enemy with either of his weapons.
For the enemy (not finding it, will not assure himself, or
presume to enter, without first finding of the sword) may
most easily be struck and not strike, if a man increase a
slope pace, (to the end he may void his body from hurt,) and
with the increase of a straight pace of the right foot, do also
discharge a thrust beneath. And after this order he may
strike safely, (not only when his sword is not found by the
enemy, but also when it chances to be found) if he be ready
and nimble to make his slope pace, and to beat off, as
forcible as he may, the enemy's Target with his own sword
and Target, thereby forcing a low thrust to enter in, with the
increase of a pace with the right foot. And thus much
concerning the true striking and defending of the sword and
round Target.
OF THE CASE OF RAPIERS.
There are also used now adays, aswell in the schools, as in
the lists, two Swords or Rapiers, admitted, and approved
both of Princes, and of the professors of this art, for
honorable and knightly weapons, albeit they be not used in
the wars. Wherefore I shall not vary from my purpose, if I
reason also of these, as far as is agreeable to true art. To
him that would handle these weapons, it is necessary that he
can aswell manage the left hand as the right, which thing
shalbe (if not necessary) yet most profitable in every other
kind of weapon. But in these principally he is to resolve
himself, that he can do no good, without that kind of
nimbleness and dexterity. For seeing they are two weapons,
and yet of one self same kind, they ought equally and
indifferently to be handled, the one performing that which
the other does, and every of them being apt aswell to strike
as defend. And therefore a man ought to accustom his body,
arms and hands aswell to strike as defend. And he which is
not much practiced and exercised therein, ought not to
make profession of this Art: for he shall find himself to be
utterly deceived.
THE MANNER HOW TO HANDLE TWO RAPIERS.
It is most manifest that both these weapons may strike in
one and the same time: for there may be delivered jointly
together two downright edgeblows on high and two
beneath: two reverses, and two thrusts, and are so rich and
plentiful in striking, that it seems they may be used only to
strike. But this ought not to be practiced, neither may it
without great danger For all that, whatsoever may be done
with either of them, is divided into striking and defending.
That this is true, it may be perceived in the single Sword,
which assays both to strike and defend. And those who have
taken no such heed, but have been bent only to strike being
moved either through cholera, either believing, that they had
to deal with an ignorant person, have remained thereby
mightily wounded. of this, there might be laid down infinite
examples, which I leave to the intent I may not swerve from
my purpose. I say therefore that of the two Rapiers which
are handled, the one must be applied towards the other to
strike, regarding always to use that first which wards, then
that which strikes: for first a man must endeavor to defend
himself, and then to strike others. (Figure 15)
OF THE HIGH WARD AT TWO RAPIERS.
Presupposing always, that either hand is very well exercised,
aswell in striking as in defending, this ward shalbe framed
after two ways, which yet in manner is all one. The one with
the right foot, and the other with the left, so working
continually, that the hind arm be aloft, the former beneath in
manner, as when the low ward is framed at single sword.
And as a man strikes, he must always maintain and continue
this high ward, which at the two rapiers, is the most perfect
and surest and he may easily perform and do it: for whilst he
enters to give a high thrust with his hind foot, although that
foot be behind yet it must accompany the arm until it has
finished his thrust, and settled itself in the low ward. The
other sword and hand (which was borne together with the
former foot in the low ward) remaining behind by reason of
the increase of the high thrust, must presently be lifted
placed in the same high ward.
Therefore it is to be noted, that whosoever means to shift
from this ward and strike, whether it be with his right or left
foot, before or behind, it is requisite that he stand without,
and when he would strike, he shall first prove with his low
sword, whether he can find the enemy's weapons, and
having suddenly found them, he shall nimbly beat them
back, and (in a manner) in the same instant force on a high
thrust, with the increase of a pace of the right foot: from the
which, if the enemy (for saving of himself) shall hastily and
directly give backwards, he shall follow him, delivering
presently the other high thrust behind, already lifted up. And
this thrust will safely hit him and speed, because it is not
possible that one may go so fast backwards, as an other may
forwards.
Farther, aswell in this ward, as in others, the ward may be
framed with the right foot before, and the right arm lifted,
and so contrariwise. But because there is small force in this
ward both in the feet and hands, which stand not
commodiously either to strike or defend, and seeing that
there is required in the handling of those weapons, great
strength and steadfastness I have thought good, not to lay it
down, as to small purpose.
THE DEFENSE OF THE HIGH WARD AT TWO
RAPIERS.
The direct opposition and defense of the high ward is the
low ward, the manner whereof shall be seen in his proper
place. That which principally is to be considered (for the
low ward also, in like sort as the other may be framed after
two sorts) is this, that of necessity a man stand with the
same foot before as the enemy does, to wit: if he bear the
right foot before, to put forth the right foot also, and to
endeavor as the enemy does, to stand without, for of both
ways that is of the more advantage and safety. Finding
himself therefore without, in the low ward, he must not
refuse, but rather suffer his sword to be found and beaten by
the enemy: for this does redown much more to his
advantage then to his enemy's because the enemy carries
small force in his low hand wherewith he endeavors to find
and beat off the sword, considering it is borne to far off
from the other: for that which is slenderly united, is less
forcible: whereas standing at the low ward, he bears both
his hands low near together and sufficiently strong.
Therefore as soon as the enemy having beaten back the
sword, shall resolve himself to give a thrust, he must
increase a slope pace, and with his hind low sword, drive
the enemy's high thrust outwards toward the right side, if it
chance that he were in the low ward with his right foot
before, And suddenly with the other low sword behind
(which was suffered to be beaten off by the enemy, because
it might turn the more to his disadvantage: for seeing the
enemy's sword being slenderly united, as I have said before,
carried but small force, it was the rather beaten off and
disappointed: So that as soon as the slope pace is increased,
and the said high thrust warded, before the enemy place his
other sword also in the high ward, he may with the straight
pace of the right foot deliver a low thrust continuing still to
eat down the enemy's sword with his own low sword, that is
borne before. And this manner of warding is most safe and
sure: for besides that it strikes the enemy with the slope
pace, it does likewise in such sort deliver the body from
hurt, that of force the enemy is disappointed. Neither is
there any other sure way to ward this high thrust, being so
strong, and besides, having so great increase of pace.
This manner of defense is most strong and sure, and is done
with that sword which is farthest off. Yet there is another
way, and that is, with the low sword before, the which is no
less stronger and sure than the other, but yet much shorter.
For look in what time the other defends, this strikes.
Therefore in the low ward it is to be noted, (when the
enemy moves, pretending to beat off the sword and
therewithall to enter,) that then the point of the sword be
lifted up, keeping the hand so steadfast, that it oppose itself
and keeping outwards the enemy's high thrust, and having
made this bar, to keep out his weapons, then and in the self
same time, he shall increase a straight pace, and with the
low sword behind shall strike the enemy in the breast, to
whom it is impossible to do any effectual thing, or to avoid
the said stroke, for that (by means of the point of the sword
lifted up in the manner aforesaid) both his swords are so
hindered, that they may not safely strike, either with the
edge or point
.OF THE HURT OF THE BROAD WARD AT TWO
RAPIERS.
This broad ward, may in the self same manner be framed
two ways, and it may deliver the self same blows, in the one
as in the other: This ward is framed with one foot before,
and one foot behind, the arm (which is borne on the side of
the hind foot) being stretched wide, and broad outwards.
Therefore when one stands at this ward, and would deliver
as straight and as safe a thrust as is possible, he shall first
prove with his low Rapier, whether he can find his enemy's
Rapier, which being found, he shall turn his fist outwards,
and force the enemy's Rapier so much, that it may do no
hurt, and then withall increasing presently a slope pace, shall
go forwards to strike the enemy in the thigh, with the wide
thrust. He might aswell also thrust him in the flank, or in the
head, but yet the other thrust is used, because the Rapier,
which is directed to the thigh, is in place, to hinder the
enemy's other Rapier to light on the legs.
And as in the high ward, so likewise in this, he must always
stand without, and having delivered the wide thrust, he
ought presently to widen the other arm, and settle himself in
the broad ward.
OF THE DEFENSE OF THE BROAD WARD AT TWO
RAPIERS.
For the defense of the thrust of the broad ward, it is
necessary that a man stand at the low ward, and therewithall
diligently observe, the motions of the enemy's body, how it
compasses and passes to and fro, by knowledge and due
consideration whereof, he may easily defend himself. If
therefore the right arm be stretched out wide, the right foot
also (being behind) shall be in like manner widened, the
which, when it increases forwards, shall also carry with it
the right shoulder, voiding always with the left side.
And the self same must be considered, and practiced, when
he stands at this ward, the contrary way. That therefore
which he must do, for the defense of himself, shalbe to void
that part of his body, which may be hurt by the enemy's
wide and broad thrust, and to oppose himself against that
part of his enemy, which comes forwards pretending to
strike: And this he shall do, at what time the enemy (finding
the sword) would come forwards in his thrust. And in the
self same time, (assuring himself with his own low sword)
shall increase a slope pace, thereby investing and
encountering that part of the enemy, which came striking,
and with the which framed the broad ward. Neither can it be
safe striking at any other place, for either, he shall find
nothing to encounter, by means of the motion of the body,
or else if he do not oppose himself against the shoulder of
the enemy which carries the hurt, he is in hazard to be
struck by the enemy's broad thrust.
OF THE HURT OF THE LOW WARD AT THE TWO
RAPIERS
The low ward shall be framed after two ways, the one with
the right foot before, the other with the left, and each of
them may strike, either within, either without. The way
which strikes within, has one blow, the way which strikes
without has two, and in all, they are six. I will lay down but
three, because they differ not from the other three, but only
in the hand and foot, which must be place before, so that
they are the self same, for I have already presupposed, that
he who takes upon him to handle these weapons, can aswell
use the one hand, as he can the other. He may therefore find
himself to stand with his right foot before and within, (I
understand by within, when he bears one of his swords
between both his enemy's swords, and likewise when the
enemy carries one of his, between the other two. It is
likewise true, that this also may be said within, to wit, when
both weapons are borne in the middle between the other
two. But I suppose no man so foolish, who handling these
weapons, will suffer both his swords to be without, being a
very unsure ward whereof I leave to speak.
That therefore, which he is to do, (finding himself with both
his rapiers below, and within, with his right foot before, and
after the said first way of being within) shalbe, that marking
when he may close in the enemy's Rapier, between the
which the enemy's rapier shall be so shut in and barred, that
it may do no hurt, and one of the two Rapiers, that is to say,
the right Rapier shall passe under the enemy's rapier, and
thrust safely. And his other Rapier, albeit, it may thrust
directly, yet (for the better saving of himself, from the
enemy's other Rapier that is at liberty) he shall bear it
somewhat abasing his hand, with the point upwards, the
which point shall safeguard him, from the enemy's said
Rapier, although this last note, be superfluous. For seeing
the enemy must ward himself from the thrust that hurts him,
he has no leisure, nor happily minds to strike, but only to
defend himself, either by voiding his body, or else by some
other shift, which he shall then find out.
The way of warding without, may strike directly after two
ways: The first, by beating off the enemy's Rapier, with his
own that is before, and by delivering a thrust, either at the
breast or head, with the Rapier that is behind, increasing
therewithall a slope pace, and settling himself in the low
ward, with his left foot before.
The second is, by taking opportunity, which he may do, if
he be nimble. And he ought with the increase of a slope
pace, to drive the point of his former Rapier directly
towards the enemy, and above the enemy's Rapier. And his
other own rapier, which before the increase was behind, he
must force on, under the enemy's rapier. And thus, not
giving over, these two thrusts must be strongly and nimbly
driven towards the enemy, by means whereof being
overtaken, the enemy has no other remedy to save himself,
then to retire back: for he may not come forwards, but he
must run himself upon the weapons, and that he will not do.
So then, the enemy retiring himself may be followed, as far
as the increase of the right foot will bear, then, settling in
the low ward.
OF THE DEFENSE OF THE LOW WARD AT THE TWO
RAPIERS.
All three thrusts of the low ward, by standing at the same
ward, may easily be warded, and that after one manner. If a
man remember first to void his body from hurt, by the
increase of a pace, that is very slope, or crooked, either
before the enemy comes thrusting, either as soon as he
moves himself for the same purpose, or if he be active and
nimble to traverse, and in defending himself to strike the
enemy.
Therefore when any of the same three thrusts come, and
before he perceives his Rapier to be closed, and barred in,
he shall move a slope pace, to the intent to avoid himself
from hurt, and with his Rapier, which is at liberty, he shall
go forwards and deliver a thrust at the enemy's face, which
thrust, does surely speed, if he be resolute to enter.
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